[5] He left a suicide note claiming that he and his brother were innocent and that he was the 'opposite' of a Nazi, but he thought he would be used as a scapegoat anyway. Meyerbeer, Karl; Späth, Pascal (eds) (2012), Besetztes Haus Erfurt in Aktion: Widerstand gegen Räumung, Die Räumung des Besetzten Hauses in Erfurt am 16.04.2009, Forced labour under German rule during World War II, The engineers of the "final solution". From October 1945 he went to live in the town of Gudensberg, in the district Fritzlar-Homberg, in the American zone, where his niece, the daughter of his sister Hanna, was working for the American military administration. [29] The Topf brothers and the design engineers worked from this building. Les vestiges des crématoires acquirent rapidement la signification symbolique de monuments funéraires et de lieux de mémoire. It prospered during World War I due to contracts for weapons shells and military vehicles. L'extermination d'êtres humains n'était pas un phénomène passager dans le national-socialisme. Comment ajouter mes sources ? Crematorium IV was out of use from May 1943, after only two months of service, because it developed cracks. [1], After leaving school, Ludwig studied machine engineering at the Technische Hochschule Hannover, now the University of Hannover. Topf & Söhne – Die Ofenbauer von Auschwitz“ der Stiftung Gedenkstätten Buchenwald und Mittelbau-Dora in Verbindung mit dem Jüdischen Museum Berlin und dem Staatlichen Museum Auschwitz. Wyszukaj i porównaj hotele w pobliżu: J. Das Unternehmen stellte der SS leistungsstarke Öfen für die Beseitigung der Leichen in den Konzentrationslagern zur Verfügung und zögerte nicht, technische Lösungen zur "Optimierung" des Mordens im Vernichtungslager Auschwitz-Birkenau zu liefern. However, important witness statements were lost and Soviet authorities in Erfurt were no longer interested in assisting with the case. wurzelnackte Rose. They were banned from the company site, due to a rift with their mother, who would not speak to them, and because of political problems. In 1952 it was renamed "NAGEMA VEB Maschinenfabrik "Nikos Belojannis", after a Greek communist who had been an inmate in a German concentration camp in Greece. J.A. The majority of the French, Soviets and Italians were prisoners of war. C'est lui qui accéléra, à partir de 1939, la collaboration de Topf & Fils avec la SS. [16], From 1941 until the end of the war at least 620 people were engaged as forced labour (German:Zwangsarbeiter). The Topf brothers wanted to return and manage the firm, but at a company works council meeting on 30 January 1933, they were labelled "Judengenossen" (friends of Jews) and not suitable to lead the company. The occupation was one of the most well known actions of left-radicals of that period in Germany. Si vous disposez d'ouvrages ou d'articles de référence ou si vous connaissez des sites web de qualité traitant du thème abordé ici, merci de compléter l'article en donnant les références utiles à sa vérifiabilité et en les liant à la section « Notes et références ». Later, the company diversified into silos, chimneys, incinerators for burning municipal waste, and crematoria.During World War I it made weapons shells, limbers (carts … Das Familienunternehmen Topf & Söhne a) Die Geschichte des Unternehmens. Bodies were often pushed in four, five or even six at once. Braun, also a qualified engineer, was the factory's production manager. [5], The motto "Stets gern für Sie beschäftigt, ..." ("Always happy to be at your service, ...") is painted in large letters on the outside of the restored building. Topf & Fils (J.A. Encuentra millones de habitaciones en hoteles, resorts y hostales de todo el mundo. [1], Initially, Buchenwald camp, which opened in July 1937, sent bodies to the local Weimar city crematorium. Topf und Söhne con Skyscanner Hotel. They had two children. [4], He had four sons: Gustav (1853–1893); Albert (1857–1896); Max Julius Ernst, known as Julius (1859–1914) and Wilhelm Louis, known as Ludwig, (1863–1914). J.A. Die nostalgischen Blüten sind hitzeverträglich und leicht duftend. Die Texte sind einer Ausstellung über Häuserkampf und Stadtteilppolitik entnommen, die ebenfalls von den Besetzer/innen des Topf & Söhne-Geländes erstellt wurde. Und so wird es wohl am Hirnzigenberg noch eine ganze Weile so ruhig bleiben. The occupation was known throughout Germany simply as "Das Besetzte Haus" (the occupied house). Originally, it made heating systems and brewing and malting equipment. The Zwangsarbeiter had to work 56 hours per week in comparison with the 42 hours worked by German employees, although they were paid 25–30% less. Au sein de leur entreprise, les frères Topf dépendaient de la longue expérience de leurs chefs de division et de leurs ingénieurs de l'époque. However, the family made a further claim for financial compensation. Topf & Söhne) was an engineering company, founded in 1878 in Erfurt, Germany by Johannes Andreas Topf (1816–1891). [4], Kurt Prüfer (1891–1952), a senior engineer and the main designer of the ovens, was initially arrested by the American CIC on 30 May 1945 and interrogated. [14], At the end of June 1945, Ernst Topf travelled to an insurance company in Stuttgart, then in the French occupied zone, to collect a 300,000 Reichmark life insurance payout that was due following his brother Ludwig's death. He maintained that the ovens they had delivered to the concentration camps were standard equipment, of the same type that they made for city crematoria for civilian use and claimed that if they had refused to work with the SS they would have been severely punished. En 1941, Ludwig Topf parvint à se soustraire à son service militaire en affirmant qu'il était indispensable pour le projet Auschwitz. [1], It is now infamous as the largest of 12 companies that designed and built crematoria ovens for concentration and extermination camps during the Holocaust, planned and carried out by the Nazi regime from 1935 to 1945. Ils témoignent de ce que subissaient les gens à cet endroit. He never made any apology for Topf & Söhne's involvement with the Nazi regime. Barracks that could accommodate 52 Zwangsarbeiter were built on the Topf & Söhne factory site. für den Inhalt verantwortlich und Betreiber der Website. This bland valediction (complimentary close) was often used at the end of letters Topf & Söhne sent to the SS, in which details of orders for concentration camp ovens were discussed.[30]. Prüfer and Sander, who disliked each other and competed with one another, disagreed about how well the device would work in practice. Topf's wife Erika, aged 52, died in April 1963. Un brevet portant sur un four fonctionnant en continu est même déposé. Pour effacer les traces de leurs crimes, les SS firent sauter les crématoires d'Auschwitz-Birkenau en janvier 1945. [1], In December 1939, a patent application was made for Prüfer's double-muffle transportable cremation unit, although it was not approved, possibly because of the legal problem of ash mixing. [4], From August 1940 to May 1942, Topf & Söhne built three double-muffle ovens at Auschwitz Camp I. They also filmed the camp, including the crematoria, with the camera pointedly focusing on the J.A. En tant que témoins du génocide, les détenus du camp de concentration tentèrent de laisser des témoignages avant la libération d'Auschwitz. The film and still photographs of the camp were shown around the world. Cependant les relations avec la SS étaient houleuses. (20 cm, 16 cm, 28 cm), Edelstahl/schwarz. By 1914, it was one of the largest firms of its type in the world, employing over 500 staff and exporting to 50 countries. After graduating from Hannover, he spent a further five years at Leipzig, Berlin and Rostock universities, studying a wide range of subjects, including economics, law, and sociology. Ernst also studied at Hannover, but took business studies. This was a four-storey oven designed for Auschwitz II. Der DFB zeichnet seit 2005 Vereine, Institutionen und Einzelpersonen aus, die sich für Demokratie und Menschenwürde sowie gegen Antisemitismus, Rassismus und jede Form der Diskriminierung einsetzen. Else Topf supported this stance. In Heil- und Pflegeanstalten wurden 1940/1941 in der "Aktion T4" Menschen mit Behinderungen und psychischen Erkrankungen systematisch ermordet. Unsere Redakteure haben uns dem Ziel angenommen, Produktpaletten unterschiedlichster Variante auf Herz und Nieren zu überprüfen, sodass Interessierte unmittelbar den Kaffee campingkocher gönnen können, den Sie als Kunde kaufen wollen. Heating, brewing & incineration equipment, silos, chimneys. Ernst Wolfgang Topf passa à l'Ouest et tenta de créer une société de fours crématoires et d'incinérateurs à déchets. Quellen: Lehmann, Heidrun: Stadtverband der Kleingärtner besteht seit 20 Jahren, Thüringische Landeszeitung vom 18.05.2010. Il était l'un des quatre ingénieurs qui furent arrêtés et condamnés par les fonctionnaires soviétiques en 1946. On les retrouve, partiellement cachées, dans les documents de l'exposition. [1], The muffles of the concentration camp ovens were smaller than those for civil crematoria, because no space for a coffin was needed, which saved both space and fuel. Assmann, Aleida; Hidderman, Frank (eds)(2002) Firma Topf & Söhne – Hersteller der Öfen für Auschwitz: Ein Fabrikgelände als Erinnerungsort? Cerca e confronta hotel vicino a J.A. The Spruchkammer had difficulties in getting evidence, partly due to a lack of co-operation between American officials and officials in Soviet occupied Erfurt. Auf welche Punkte Sie vor dem Kauf Ihres Induktions topf auf normalen herd achten sollten! The two older brothers also joined the company in the late 1880s, but they both died by the mid-1890s; Gustav, aged 40 and Albert, aged 39. He developed a two-muffle transportable oven in September 1939, which was delivered to Dachau concentration camp in November 1939. [1], At its peak Topf & Söhne was the largest company of its type in the world. … Ansehen He then joined Ludwig in Leipzig, studying at the Handelshochschule, now the Leipzig Graduate School of Management, graduating in 1929. He used the old family firm's name, J.A. [3], In addition to Auschwitz and Auschwitz II–Birkenau, Topf & Söhne also built crematoria ovens for Buchenwald, Dachau, Mauthausen-Gusen, Mogilev ghetto, and the Gross-Rosen concentration camp. Sans sollicitation, de leur propre initiative, les ingénieurs de la société imaginèrent des installations encore plus efficaces pour l'extermination d'un nombre de gens toujours croissant. Topf & Söhne logo and manufacturer's name plate attached to the ovens. A. Topf und Söhne — Das Unternehmen J. Topf died in 1979. Topf & Söhne war bereits vor dem Ersten Weltkrieg mit über 500 Angestellten kein mittelständisches Unternehmen mehr. During World War I it made weapons shells, limbers (carts for carrying artillery) and other military vehicles. [4], This was happening against a backdrop of rising Nazism. Topf was required to provide two sworn witness statements regarding his non-Nazi political leanings – two employees of Topf & Söhne provided these and vouched for him. After the truth about the concentration camps was exposed, Topf & Söhne's involvement was quite widely known. [12][6], It was calculated that all four of Auschwitz II's crematoria had the capacity to cremate a total of 8000 bodies per day, although the actual numbers were usually lower. [1], Later, in December 1946, because of his membership of the Nazi party, the Fritzlar-Homberg Spruchkammer, a German civilian denazification court, started investigating Ernst Topf. Des témoignages oculaires de membres du 'Sonderkommando', qui étaient forcés de travailler dans les crématoires, attestent du déroulement des massacres et de la destruction des cadavres.
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